I-Solar ichaze ama-photovoltais nogesi

Amaseli e-Photovoltaic aguqula ukukhanya kwelanga kube ugesi

I-photovoltaic (PV) cell, ngokuvamile ebizwa ngokuthi i-solar cell, iyisisetshenziswa esingenamshini esiguqula ukukhanya kwelanga kube ugesi ngokuqondile. Amanye amaseli e-PV angaguqula ukukhanya okwenziwayo kube ugesi.

Amaphothoni aphatha amandla elanga

Ukukhanya kwelanga kwakhiwe ngama-photon, noma izinhlayiya zamandla elanga. Lawa ma-photon aqukethe amanani ahlukahlukene wamandla ahambisana namaza ahlukene e-wavelengths

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Ukugeleza kukagesi

Ukunyakaza kwama-electron, ngalinye liphethe ishaji elibi, libheke endaweni engaphambili yeseli kudala ukungalingani kweshaji kagesi phakathi kwezindawo zamaseli zangaphambili nangemuva. Lokhu kungalingani, nakho, kudala amandla kagesi njengamatheminali anegethivu namaphozithivu ebhethri. Ama-conductor kagesi kuseli amunca ama-electron. Uma ama-conductor exhunywe kumjikelezo kagesi emthwalweni wangaphandle, njengebhethri, ugesi ugeleza kusekethe.

Ukusebenza kahle kwezinhlelo ze-photovoltaic kuyahlukahluka ngohlobo lobuchwepheshe be-photovoltaic

Ukusebenza kahle lapho amaseli e-PV aguqulela khona ukukhanya kwelanga kube ugesi kuyahlukahluka ngohlobo lwempahla ye-semiconductor kanye nobuchwepheshe be-PV cell. Ukusebenza kahle kwamamojula e-PV atholakala ngokudayiswa alinganiselwa ngaphansi kuka-10% maphakathi nawo-1980, akhuphuka afinyelela cishe ku-15% ngo-2015, futhi manje asondela ku-20% kumamojula asezingeni eliphezulu. Amaseli okuhlola e-PV namaseli e-PV ezimakethe ze-niche, njengamasathelayithi asemkhathini, azuze cishe ukusebenza kahle okungama-50%.

Indlela amasistimu we-photovoltaic asebenza ngayo

I-PV cell iyisakhiwo esiyisisekelo sohlelo lwe-PV. Amaseli angawodwana angahluka ngosayizi ukusuka cishe amayintshi angu-0.5 ukuya cishe amayintshi angu-4 ububanzi. Nokho, iseli elilodwa likhiqiza i-1 noma 2 Watts kuphela, okuwugesi owanele kuphela ukusetshenziswa okuncane, njengokunika amandla izibali noma amawashi esandla.

Amaseli e-PV axhunywe ngogesi kumojuli ye-PV epakishiwe, eqinile ngesimo sezulu noma iphaneli. Amamojula e-PV ayahlukahluka ngobukhulu kanye nenani likagesi angakhiqiza. I-PV module amandla okukhiqiza ugesi akhuphuka ngenani lamaseli kumojuli noma endaweni engaphezulu yemojuli. Amamojula e-PV angaxhunywa ngamaqembu ukuze akhe uhlu lwe-PV. Uhlu lwe-PV lungakhiwa amamojula amabili noma amakhulu e-PV. Inombolo yamamojula e-PV axhunywe kulungu le-PV inquma inani eliphelele likagesi amalungu afanayo angawakhiqiza.

Amaseli e-Photovoltaic akhiqiza ugesi oqondile wamanje (DC). Lo gesi we-DC ungasetshenziswa ukushaja amabhethri, wona, asebenzisa ugesi wamanje oqondile. Cishe wonke ugesi uhlinzekwa njengama-alternating current (AC) ezinhlelweni zokudlulisa nokusabalalisa ugesi. Amadivayisi abizwa

Amaseli e-PV namamojula azokhiqiza inani elikhulu likagesi lapho ebheke ngqo elangeni. Amamojula e-PV nama-array angasebenzisa amasistimu okulandelela ahambisa amamojula ukuze ahlale ebhekene nelanga, kodwa lezi zinhlelo ziyabiza. Amasistimu amaningi e-PV anamamojuli asendaweni egxilile namamojula abheke ngqo eningizimu (enyakatho nenkabazweângokuqondile enyakatho nenkabazwe eseningizimu) kanye ne-engeli ethuthukisa ukusebenza komzimba nokomnotho kwesistimu.

Amaseli e-solar photovoltaic aqoqwe ngamaphaneli (amamojula), futhi amaphaneli angahlanganiswa abe amasayizi ahlukene ukuze akhiqize amanani kagesi amancane kuya kwamakhulu, njengokunika amandla amaphampu amanzi amanzi emfuyo, ukuhlinzeka ngogesi ezindlini, noma utility- ukukhiqiza ugesi esikalini.

Umthombo: I-National Renewable Energy Laboratory (inelungelo lobunikazi)

Izicelo zezinhlelo ze-photovoltaic

Amasistimu we-photovoltaic amancane kakhulu wokubala amandla namawashi esihlakala. Amasistimu amakhudlwana angahlinzeka ngogesi wokumpompa amanzi, kumandla ezinto zokuxhumana, ukuphakela ugesi wekhaya elilodwa noma ibhizinisi, noma enze izigaba ezinkulu eziphakela ugesi ezinkulungwaneni zabasebenzisi bakagesi.

Ezinye izinzuzo zezinhlelo ze-PV ziyi

â¢Amasistimu e-PV angaphakela ugesi ezindaweni lapho amasistimu okusabalalisa ugesi (izintambo zikagesi) zingekho khona, futhi angaphakela ugesi endaweni
â¢Amalungu afanayo e-PV angafakwa ngokushesha futhi angaba yimuphi usayizi.
â¢Imiphumela yemvelo yamasistimu e-PV atholakala ezakhiweni mincane.

Umthombo: I-National Renewable Energy Laboratory (inelungelo lobunikazi)

Umthombo: I-National Renewable Energy Laboratory (inelungelo lobunikazi)

Umlando we-photovoltaics

I-PV cell yokuqala esebenzayo yasungulwa ngo-1954 ngabacwaningi beBell Telephone. Kusukela ngasekupheleni kwawo-1950, amaseli e-PV ayesetshenziselwa ukunika amandla amasathelayithi asemkhathini ase-U.S. Ngasekupheleni kwawo-1970, amaphaneli e-PV ayehlinzeka ngogesi kude, noma

I-U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) ilinganisela ukuthi ugesi okhiqizwe esikalini se-PV sikagesi ukhuphuke usuka ku-76 million kilowatthours (kWh) ngo-2008 waya ku-69 billion (kWh) ngo-2019. Izikhungo zamandla kagesi ezisetshenziswayo zinama-kilowatts okungenani ayi-1,000 (noma i-megawatt eyodwa) yomthamo wokuphehla ugesi. I-EIA ilinganisela ukuthi ama-kWh ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-33 akhiqizwa amasistimu e-PV axhumeke kugridi amancane ngo-2019, asuka ku-11 billion kWh ngo-2014. Amasistimu e-PV asezingeni elincane amasistimu anomthamo wokuphehla ugesi ongaphansi kwe-megawathi eyodwa. Iningi litholakala ezakhiweni futhi ngezinye izikhathi libizwa ngokuthi